diff --git a/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.css b/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.css
index e027d15..0d5ecac 100644
--- a/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.css
+++ b/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.css
@@ -2,7 +2,32 @@
 .bias-report-list__progress { background: #eff6ff; border-left: 3px solid #2563eb; color: #1e3a8a; margin: 0; padding: .6rem .7rem; font-size: .84rem; }
 .bias-report-list__error { background: #fff1f2; border-left: 3px solid #e11d48; color: #9f1239; margin: 0; padding: .6rem .7rem; font-size: .84rem; }
 .bias-report-list__error-row { align-items: center; display: flex; gap: .6rem; justify-content: space-between; }
-.bias-report-list__empty { color: #64748b; font-size: .84rem; margin: 0; padding: .5rem; }
+/* An empty tab that only said "none yet" left the user with no idea how one is produced. */
+.bias-report-list__empty {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  gap: .5rem;
+  color: #64748b;
+  font-size: .84rem;
+  padding: .5rem;
+}
+
+.bias-report-list__empty p { margin: 0; }
+
+.bias-report-list__empty-lead { color: #334155; font-weight: 600; }
+
+.bias-report-list__empty-body { line-height: 1.45; }
+
+/* The precondition that is in the way, stated instead of left to be guessed from a dead button. */
+.bias-report-list__empty-blocked {
+  border-left: 3px solid #f59e0b;
+  background: #fffbeb;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  padding: .4rem .55rem;
+  color: #92400e;
+  line-height: 1.45;
+}
 
 .bias-report-list__row {
   align-items: center;
diff --git a/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.html b/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.html
index 988c330..bb9125b 100644
--- a/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.html
+++ b/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.html
@@ -21,7 +21,25 @@
         <button type="button" mat-stroked-button (click)="retry()">Retry</button>
       </div>
     } @else if (!reports().length) {
-      <p class="bias-report-list__empty">No bias impact reports for this execution yet.</p>
+      <div class="bias-report-list__empty">
+        <p class="bias-report-list__empty-lead">No bias impact reports for this run yet.</p>
+        <p class="bias-report-list__empty-body">
+          A report compares this run against the same run with its bias or mitigation probes turned
+          on, and shows which node outputs it changed. Reports appear here once you produce one.
+        </p>
+        @if (blockedReason(); as reason) {
+          <p class="bias-report-list__empty-blocked">{{ reason }}</p>
+        } @else {
+          <p class="bias-report-list__empty-body">
+            {{ annotatedNodeCount() }}
+            {{ annotatedNodeCount() === 1 ? 'node carries a probe' : 'nodes carry a probe' }}
+            that can be activated on this run.
+          </p>
+          <button type="button" mat-flat-button (click)="startExperimentRequested.emit()">
+            Run a biased rerun
+          </button>
+        }
+      </div>
     } @else {
       @for (report of reports(); track report.id) {
         <button type="button" class="bias-report-list__row" (click)="openDetail(report.id)">
diff --git a/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.spec.ts b/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.spec.ts
index 7fe2e22..d6d62d4 100644
--- a/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.spec.ts
+++ b/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.spec.ts
@@ -53,6 +53,46 @@ describe('BiasImpactReportListComponent', () => {
     fixture = TestBed.createComponent(BiasImpactReportListComponent);
   });
 
+  it('explains how a report is produced, and offers the action, when there are none', () => {
+    // "No bias impact reports yet" alone left no clue that reports come from an experiment you
+    // have to start, nor where to start one.
+    listBiasImpactReports.mockReturnValue(of([]));
+    fixture.componentRef.setInput('executionId', 'execution-1');
+    fixture.componentRef.setInput('annotatedNodeCount', 3);
+    fixture.componentRef.setInput('blockedReason', null);
+    fixture.detectChanges();
+
+    const text = fixture.nativeElement.textContent;
+    expect(text).toContain('No bias impact reports for this run yet');
+    expect(text).toContain('3 nodes carry a probe');
+
+    const started = vi.fn();
+    fixture.componentInstance.startExperimentRequested.subscribe(started);
+    fixture.nativeElement.querySelector('.bias-report-list__empty button').click();
+    expect(started).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('states the precondition in the way, instead of offering an action that cannot work', () => {
+    listBiasImpactReports.mockReturnValue(of([]));
+    fixture.componentRef.setInput('executionId', 'execution-1');
+    fixture.componentRef.setInput('annotatedNodeCount', 0);
+    fixture.componentRef.setInput('blockedReason', 'This run has not finished yet.');
+    fixture.detectChanges();
+
+    expect(fixture.nativeElement.querySelector('.bias-report-list__empty-blocked').textContent)
+      .toContain('has not finished yet');
+    expect(fixture.nativeElement.querySelector('.bias-report-list__empty button')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('counts one annotated node in the singular', () => {
+    listBiasImpactReports.mockReturnValue(of([]));
+    fixture.componentRef.setInput('executionId', 'execution-1');
+    fixture.componentRef.setInput('annotatedNodeCount', 1);
+    fixture.detectChanges();
+
+    expect(fixture.nativeElement.textContent).toContain('1 node carries a probe');
+  });
+
   it('reloads when a dialog reports that one has just been produced', () => {
     // The experiment and compare dialogs render over this still-mounted tab. Without this the tab
     // kept saying there were no reports for the execution whose report the user was just reading.
diff --git a/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.ts b/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.ts
index a680f04..a2e6f85 100644
--- a/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.ts
+++ b/src/app/shared/bias-impact-report-list/bias-impact-report-list.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common';
-import { ChangeDetectionStrategy, Component, computed, effect, inject, input, signal } from '@angular/core';
+import { ChangeDetectionStrategy, Component, computed, effect, inject, input, output, signal } from '@angular/core';
 import { MatButtonModule } from '@angular/material/button';
 import { BiasImpactReport } from '@models/bias-impact';
 import { TaskExecutionsService } from '@services/task-executions/task-executions';
@@ -23,6 +23,13 @@ export class BiasImpactReportListComponent {
   private lastReloadToken = 0;
 
   readonly executionId = input<string | null>(null);
+  /** How many nodes an experiment could act on, so the empty state can be concrete. */
+  readonly annotatedNodeCount = input<number>(0);
+  /** Why an experiment cannot be started, or null when it can; supplied by the host. */
+  readonly blockedReason = input<string | null>(null);
+
+  /** The user wants to start one. The host owns the dialog, so it decides what "start" means. */
+  readonly startExperimentRequested = output<void>();
 
   readonly reports = signal<BiasImpactReport[]>([]);
   readonly loading = signal(false);
diff --git a/src/app/shared/nodes/task-step-node/task-step-node.spec.ts b/src/app/shared/nodes/task-step-node/task-step-node.spec.ts
index 6f55a7d..06326e6 100644
--- a/src/app/shared/nodes/task-step-node/task-step-node.spec.ts
+++ b/src/app/shared/nodes/task-step-node/task-step-node.spec.ts
@@ -121,6 +121,72 @@ describe('TaskStepNodeComponent bias canvas highlighting', () => {
     fixture.detectChanges();
   }
 
+  it('shows the measure control on an interactive node, disabled, saying what is possible instead', () => {
+    // ChatInteraction cannot be replayed in isolation. Hiding the control made an annotated node
+    // look identical to an unannotated one, with nothing to indicate the full-flow route exists.
+    component.data.data.capabilities = {
+      visualRole: 'ACTIVITY',
+      terminal: false,
+      biasAnnotationsAllowed: true,
+      allowsIncomingConnections: true,
+      allowsOutgoingConnections: true,
+      canDependOnOtherNodes: false,
+      canHaveDependentNodes: false
+    };
+    component.data.data.biasAnnotations = [
+      { id: 'a1', biasProbe: { activationMode: 'PROMPT_DIRECTIVE', instruction: 'Nudge it' } }
+    ];
+    (component as any).biasCapabilities = { isolatedExperimentSupported: false };
+    setStepConfig({ __executionStatusGroup: 'FINAL' });
+
+    expect(component.hasMeasurableBiasAnnotations()).toBe(true);
+    expect(component.canMeasureBiasImpact()).toBe(false);
+    const button = fixture.nativeElement.querySelector('.llm-bias-impact-trigger');
+    expect(button).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(button.disabled).toBe(true);
+    expect(button.getAttribute('title')).toContain('Create biased rerun');
+  });
+
+  it('enables the measure control where an isolated experiment is supported and the run is final', () => {
+    component.data.data.capabilities = {
+      visualRole: 'ACTIVITY',
+      terminal: false,
+      biasAnnotationsAllowed: true,
+      allowsIncomingConnections: true,
+      allowsOutgoingConnections: true,
+      canDependOnOtherNodes: false,
+      canHaveDependentNodes: false
+    };
+    component.data.data.biasAnnotations = [
+      { id: 'a1', biasProbe: { activationMode: 'PROMPT_DIRECTIVE', instruction: 'Nudge it' } }
+    ];
+    (component as any).biasCapabilities = { isolatedExperimentSupported: true };
+    setStepConfig({ __executionStatusGroup: 'FINAL' });
+
+    expect(component.canMeasureBiasImpact()).toBe(true);
+    expect(component.measureBiasImpactTooltip()).toBe('Measure bias impact');
+  });
+
+  it('still points at the final-state precondition when the run is not finished', () => {
+    component.data.data.capabilities = {
+      visualRole: 'ACTIVITY',
+      terminal: false,
+      biasAnnotationsAllowed: true,
+      allowsIncomingConnections: true,
+      allowsOutgoingConnections: true,
+      canDependOnOtherNodes: false,
+      canHaveDependentNodes: false
+    };
+    component.data.data.biasAnnotations = [
+      { id: 'a1', biasProbe: { activationMode: 'PROMPT_DIRECTIVE', instruction: 'Nudge it' } }
+    ];
+    (component as any).biasCapabilities = { isolatedExperimentSupported: true };
+    setStepConfig({ __executionStatusGroup: 'RUNNING' });
+
+    expect(component.canMeasureBiasImpact()).toBe(false);
+    expect(component.measureBiasImpactTooltip()).toContain('final state');
+  });
+
   it('shows a container working on its subflow, which its own status never said', () => {
     // The container's status is WAITING_FOR_SUBFLOW, so it took none of the in-progress styling
     // and sat inert for minutes while its child ran - indistinguishable from a stuck run.
diff --git a/src/app/shared/nodes/task-step-node/task-step-node.ts b/src/app/shared/nodes/task-step-node/task-step-node.ts
index 8133ba2..e37fa96 100644
--- a/src/app/shared/nodes/task-step-node/task-step-node.ts
+++ b/src/app/shared/nodes/task-step-node/task-step-node.ts
@@ -501,17 +501,34 @@ export class TaskStepNodeComponent {
     ].join('\n');
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Whether the node shows the measure control at all: it has probes worth measuring.
+   *
+   * It deliberately does *not* require isolatedExperimentSupported. A user-interactive block -
+   * ChatInteraction, HumanDecision - cannot be replayed in isolation, and hiding the button there
+   * left an annotated node looking identical to an unannotated one. The control is shown and
+   * disabled, and the tooltip says which experiment is available instead.
+   */
   hasMeasurableBiasAnnotations(): boolean {
-    return this.isBiasCapable()
-      && this.executableBiasAnnotations().length > 0
-      && this.biasCapabilities?.isolatedExperimentSupported === true;
+    return this.isBiasCapable() && this.executableBiasAnnotations().length > 0;
+  }
+
+  private supportsIsolatedBiasExperiment(): boolean {
+    return this.biasCapabilities?.isolatedExperimentSupported === true;
   }
 
   canMeasureBiasImpact(): boolean {
-    return this.hasMeasurableBiasAnnotations() && this.blockConfiguration?.['__executionStatusGroup'] === 'FINAL';
+    return this.hasMeasurableBiasAnnotations()
+      && this.supportsIsolatedBiasExperiment()
+      && this.blockConfiguration?.['__executionStatusGroup'] === 'FINAL';
   }
 
   measureBiasImpactTooltip(): string {
+    if (!this.supportsIsolatedBiasExperiment()) {
+      // A rule of the domain, not a fault: say what *is* possible rather than only what is not.
+      return 'This node cannot be replayed on its own, so there is no isolated experiment for it. '
+        + 'Use "Create biased rerun" on the toolbar to measure it as part of the whole flow.';
+    }
     if (this.blockConfiguration?.['__executionStatusGroup'] !== 'FINAL') {
       return 'Available once the execution reaches a final state';
     }
diff --git a/src/app/shared/task-execution-viewer/task-execution-viewer.html b/src/app/shared/task-execution-viewer/task-execution-viewer.html
index 1484aa0..5a74f07 100644
--- a/src/app/shared/task-execution-viewer/task-execution-viewer.html
+++ b/src/app/shared/task-execution-viewer/task-execution-viewer.html
@@ -535,7 +535,11 @@
             }
           </div>
           } @else {
-          <app-bias-impact-report-list [executionId]="execution()!.id" />
+          <app-bias-impact-report-list
+    [executionId]="execution()!.id"
+    [annotatedNodeCount]="biasAnnotatedNodeCount()"
+    [blockedReason]="biasExperimentBlockedReason()"
+    (startExperimentRequested)="openBiasedRerunDialog()" />
           }
         </div>
       </aside>
diff --git a/src/app/shared/task-execution-viewer/task-execution-viewer.ts b/src/app/shared/task-execution-viewer/task-execution-viewer.ts
index 370720d..58f2f6f 100644
--- a/src/app/shared/task-execution-viewer/task-execution-viewer.ts
+++ b/src/app/shared/task-execution-viewer/task-execution-viewer.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common';
 import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
 import { ChangeDetectionStrategy, Component, computed, effect, ElementRef, HostListener, inject, input, OnDestroy, signal, viewChild } from '@angular/core';
 import { ActivatedRoute, Router } from '@angular/router';
+import { NotificationService } from '@services/notifications/notification';
 import { MatButtonModule } from '@angular/material/button';
 import { MatIconModule } from '@angular/material/icon';
 import { MatTooltipModule } from '@angular/material/tooltip';
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ export class TaskExecutionViewerComponent implements OnDestroy {
   private biasRerunDialog = inject(BiasRerunDialogService);
   private biasCompareDialog = inject(BiasCompareDialogService);
   private biasComparisonViewState = inject(BiasComparisonViewStateService);
+  private notifications = inject(NotificationService);
   private router = inject(Router);
   private route = inject(ActivatedRoute);
   private lastExecutionId: string | null = null;
@@ -682,6 +684,28 @@ export class TaskExecutionViewerComponent implements OnDestroy {
     && getExecutionStatusGroup(this.execution()?.context.status) === 'FINAL'
     && !this.biasRerunOpening()
   );
+  /** How many nodes an experiment could act on. Sync, so the empty state can say it for free. */
+  readonly biasAnnotatedNodeCount = computed(() => this.biasAnnotatedNodes().length);
+
+  /**
+   * Why a bias experiment cannot be started here, or null when it can.
+   *
+   * The preconditions were only ever expressed as a disabled control or, worse, a silent return.
+   * Stated as a sentence they are also what the empty Bias impact tab needs to explain itself.
+   */
+  readonly biasExperimentBlockedReason = computed<string | null>(() => {
+    if (this.isSubflowExecution()) {
+      return 'A subflow run cannot be a baseline. Open its parent run to start an experiment.';
+    }
+    if (getExecutionStatusGroup(this.execution()?.context.status) !== 'FINAL') {
+      return 'This run has not finished yet. An experiment compares it against a rerun, so it needs a completed baseline.';
+    }
+    if (this.biasAnnotatedNodeCount() === 0) {
+      return 'No node in this flow carries a bias probe that can be activated. Add an instruction to a bias or mitigation annotation in the editor first.';
+    }
+    return null;
+  });
+
   readonly canCompareBiasExecution = computed(() =>
     !this.isSubflowExecution()
     && this.isBiasVariant()
@@ -1081,7 +1105,18 @@ export class TaskExecutionViewerComponent implements OnDestroy {
     this.biasRerunOpening.set(true);
     try {
       const candidates = await this.biasRerunCandidates();
-      if (!candidates.length) return;
+      if (!candidates.length) {
+        // Returning silently made the button indistinguishable from a broken one. The reason is
+        // knowable: either nothing carries an activatable probe, or the nodes that do are of a
+        // type the backend will not run a full-flow experiment on.
+        this.notifications.show(
+          this.biasExperimentBlockedReason()
+          ?? 'None of the annotated nodes in this flow support a full-flow bias experiment.',
+          'info',
+          6000
+        );
+        return;
+      }
       this.biasRerunDialog.open({
         executionId: execution.id,
         candidates,
@@ -1534,8 +1569,13 @@ export class TaskExecutionViewerComponent implements OnDestroy {
     return this.getExecutionDependencies().some((dependency) => String(dependency.targetId) === stepId);
   }
 
-  private async biasRerunCandidates(): Promise<BiasRerunCandidate[]> {
-    const candidates = this.stepsArray().flatMap((step): Array<{ nodeId: string; nodeName: string; node: FlowNode }> => {
+  /**
+   * The nodes carrying something an experiment could activate. Split out of biasRerunCandidates
+   * because it needs no network: the capability check does, and the empty state wants a count
+   * without firing a request per node type just to render a sentence.
+   */
+  private biasAnnotatedNodes(): Array<{ nodeId: string; nodeName: string; node: FlowNode }> {
+    return this.stepsArray().flatMap((step): Array<{ nodeId: string; nodeName: string; node: FlowNode }> => {
       const node = mergeExecutionStepNode(
         step,
         this.execution()?.flowSnapshot ?? this.sourceFlowData()
@@ -1552,7 +1592,10 @@ export class TaskExecutionViewerComponent implements OnDestroy {
       const annotations = (block.biasAnnotations ?? []).filter((annotation) => isProbeExecutable(annotation.biasProbe) || isProbeExecutable(annotation.mitigationProbe));
       return annotations.length ? [{ nodeId: step.id, nodeName: node.name || step.id, node: { ...block, biasAnnotations: annotations } }] : [];
     });
+  }
 
+  private async biasRerunCandidates(): Promise<BiasRerunCandidate[]> {
+    const candidates = this.biasAnnotatedNodes();
     const resolved = await Promise.all(candidates.map(async (candidate) => {
       const capabilities = await firstValueFrom(
         candidate.node.nodeFamily === 'container'