vcglib/vcg/space/triangle3.h

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* Visual and Computer Graphics Library                            o     o   *
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* Copyright(C) 2004                                                \/)\/    *
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  History

$Log: not supported by cvs2svn $
Revision 1.15  2007/05/10 09:31:15  cignoni
Corrected InterpolationParameters invocation

Revision 1.14  2007/05/04 16:33:27  ganovelli
moved InterpolationParamaters out the class Triangle

Revision 1.13  2007/04/04 23:23:55  pietroni
- corrected and renamed distance to point ( function TrianglePointDistance)

Revision 1.12  2007/01/13 00:25:23  cignoni
Added (Normalized) Normal version templated on three points (instead forcing the creation of a new triangle)

Revision 1.11  2006/10/17 06:51:33  fiorin
In function Barycenter, replaced calls to (the inexistent) cP(i) with P(i)

Revision 1.10  2006/10/10 09:33:47  cignoni
added quality for triangle wrap

Revision 1.9  2006/09/14 08:44:07  ganovelli
changed t.P(*) in t.cP() nella funzione Barycenter

Revision 1.8  2006/06/01 08:38:58  pietroni
added PointDistance function

Revision 1.7  2006/03/01 15:35:09  pietroni
compiled InterspolationParameters function

Revision 1.6  2006/01/22 10:00:56  cignoni
Very Important Change: Area->DoubleArea (and no more Area function)

Revision 1.5  2005/09/23 14:18:27  ganovelli
added constructor

Revision 1.4  2005/04/14 11:35:09  ponchio
*** empty log message ***

Revision 1.3  2004/07/15 13:22:37  cignoni
Added the standard P() access function instead of the shortcut P0()

Revision 1.2  2004/07/15 10:17:42  pietroni
correct access to point funtions call in usage of triangle3 (ex. t.P(0)  in t.P0(0))

Revision 1.1  2004/03/08 01:13:31  cignoni
Initial commit


****************************************************************************/
#ifndef __VCG_TRIANGLE3
#define __VCG_TRIANGLE3

#include <vcg/space/box3.h>
#include <vcg/space/plane3.h>
#include <vcg/space/segment3.h>

namespace vcg {

/** \addtogroup space */
/*@{*/
/** 
		Templated class for storing a generic triangle in a 3D space.
    Note the relation with the Face class of TriMesh complex, both classes provide the P(i) access functions to their points and therefore they share the algorithms on it (e.g. area, normal etc...)
 */
template <class ScalarTriangleType> class Triangle3
{
public:
  typedef ScalarTriangleType ScalarType;
	typedef Point3< ScalarType > CoordType;
	/// The bounding box type
	typedef Box3<ScalarType> BoxType;

/*********************************************
    blah
    blah
**/
	Triangle3(const CoordType & c0,const CoordType & c1,const CoordType & c2){_v[0]=c0;_v[1]=c1;_v[2]=c2;}
protected:
	/// Vector of vertex pointer incident in the face
	Point3<ScalarType> _v[3];
public:

	/// Shortcut per accedere ai punti delle facce
	inline CoordType & P( const int j ) { return _v[j];}
	inline CoordType & P0( const int j ) { return _v[j];}
	inline CoordType & P1( const int j ) { return _v[(j+1)%3];}
	inline CoordType & P2( const int j ) { return _v[(j+2)%3];}
	inline const CoordType &  P( const int j ) const { return _v[j];}
	inline const CoordType &  P0( const int j ) const { return _v[j];}
	inline const CoordType &  P1( const int j ) const { return _v[(j+1)%3];}
	inline const CoordType &  P2( const int j ) const { return _v[(j+2)%3];}
	inline const CoordType & cP0( const int j ) const { return _v[j];}
	inline const CoordType & cP1( const int j ) const { return _v[(j+1)%3];}
	inline const CoordType & cP2( const int j ) const { return _v[(j+2)%3];}



	bool InterpolationParameters(const CoordType & bq, ScalarType &a, ScalarType &b, ScalarType &_c ) const{
		return InterpolationParameters(*this, bq, a, b,_c ); 
	}





/// Return the _q of the face, the return value is in [0,sqrt(3)/2] = [0 - 0.866.. ]
ScalarType QualityFace( ) const
{
	return Quality(P(0), P(1), P(2));
}

}; //end Class

/// Returns the normal to the plane passing through p0,p1,p2
template<class TriangleType>
typename TriangleType::ScalarType QualityFace(const TriangleType &t)
{
  return Quality(t.cP(0), t.cP(1), t.cP(2));
}

/** Calcola i coefficienti della combinazione convessa.
	@param bq Punto appartenente alla faccia
	@param a Valore di ritorno per il vertice V(0)
	@param b Valore di ritorno per il vertice V(1)
	@param _c Valore di ritorno per il vertice V(2)
	@return true se bq appartiene alla faccia, false altrimenti
*/
template<class TriangleType, class ScalarType>
bool InterpolationParameters(const TriangleType t,const vcg::Point3<ScalarType> & bq, ScalarType &a, ScalarType &b, ScalarType &_c ) 
{	
const ScalarType EPSILON = ScalarType(0.000001);
#define x1 (t.P(0).X())
#define y1 (t.P(0).Y())
#define z1 (t.P(0).Z())
#define x2 (t.P(1).X())
#define y2 (t.P(1).Y())
#define z2 (t.P(1).Z())
#define x3 (t.P(2).X())
#define y3 (t.P(2).Y())
#define z3 (t.P(2).Z())
#define px (bq[0])
#define py (bq[1])
#define pz (bq[2])

     ScalarType t1  = px*y2;
     ScalarType t2  = px*y3;
     ScalarType t3  = py*x2;
     ScalarType t4  = py*x3;
     ScalarType t5  = x2*y3;
     ScalarType t6  = x3*y2;
     ScalarType t8  = x1*y2;
     ScalarType t9  = x1*y3;
     ScalarType t10 = y1*x2;
     ScalarType t11 = y1*x3;
     ScalarType t13 = t8-t9-t10+t11+t5-t6;
     if(fabs(t13)>=EPSILON)
	 {
         ScalarType t15 = px*y1;
         ScalarType t16 = py*x1;
         a =  (t1 -t2-t3 +t4+t5-t6 )/t13;
         b = -(t15-t2-t16+t4+t9-t11)/t13;
         _c =  (t15-t1-t16+t3+t8-t10)/t13;
		return true;
     }

     t1  = px*z2;
     t2  = px*z3;
     t3  = pz*x2;
     t4  = pz*x3;
     t5  = x2*z3;
     t6  = x3*z2;
     t8  = x1*z2;
     t9  = x1*z3;
     t10 = z1*x2;
     t11 = z1*x3;
     t13 = t8-t9-t10+t11+t5-t6;
     if(fabs(t13)>=EPSILON)
	 {
		ScalarType t15 = px*z1;
		ScalarType t16 = pz*x1;
		a =  (t1 -t2-t3 +t4+t5-t6 )/t13;
		b = -(t15-t2-t16+t4+t9-t11)/t13;
		_c =  (t15-t1-t16+t3+t8-t10)/t13;
		return true;
     }

     t1  = pz*y2; t2  = pz*y3;
     t3  = py*z2; t4  = py*z3;
     t5  = z2*y3; t6  = z3*y2;
     t8  = z1*y2; t9  = z1*y3;
     t10 = y1*z2; t11 = y1*z3;
     t13 = t8-t9-t10+t11+t5-t6;
     if(fabs(t13)>=EPSILON)
	 {
         ScalarType t15 = pz*y1;
         ScalarType t16 = py*z1;
         a =  (t1 -t2-t3 +t4+t5-t6 )/t13;
         b = -(t15-t2-t16+t4+t9-t11)/t13;
         _c =  (t15-t1-t16+t3+t8-t10)/t13;
		return true;
     }
	 
#undef x1
#undef y1
#undef z1
#undef x2
#undef y2
#undef z2
#undef x3
#undef y3
#undef z3
#undef px
#undef py
#undef pz

     return false;
}


/// Compute a shape quality measure of the triangle composed by points p0,p1,p2
/// It Returns 2*AreaTri/(MaxEdge^2), 
/// the range is range [0.0, 0.866] 
/// e.g. Equilateral triangle sqrt(3)/2, halfsquare: 1/2, ... up to a line that has zero quality.
template<class P3ScalarType>
P3ScalarType Quality( Point3<P3ScalarType> const &p0, Point3<P3ScalarType> const & p1,  Point3<P3ScalarType> const & p2)
{
	Point3<P3ScalarType> d10=p1-p0;
	Point3<P3ScalarType> d20=p2-p0;
	Point3<P3ScalarType> d12=p1-p2;
	Point3<P3ScalarType> x = d10^d20;

	P3ScalarType a = Norm( x );
	if(a==0) return 0; // Area zero triangles have surely quality==0;
	P3ScalarType b = SquaredNorm( d10 );
	P3ScalarType t = b;
	t = SquaredNorm( d20 ); if ( b<t ) b = t;
	t = SquaredNorm( d12 ); if ( b<t ) b = t;
	assert(b!=0.0);
	return a/b;
}

/// Returns the normal to the plane passing through p0,p1,p2
template<class TriangleType>
Point3<typename TriangleType::ScalarType> Normal(const TriangleType &t)
{
	return (( t.P(1) - t.P(0)) ^ (t.P(2) - t.P(0)));
}
template<class Point3Type>
Point3Type Normal( Point3Type const &p0, Point3Type const & p1,  Point3Type const & p2)
{
	return (( p1 - p0) ^ (p2 - p0));
}


/// Like the above, it returns the normal to the plane passing through p0,p1,p2, but normalized.
template<class TriangleType>
Point3<typename TriangleType::ScalarType> NormalizedNormal(const TriangleType &t)
{
	return (( t.P(1) - t.P(0)) ^ (t.P(2) - t.P(0))).Normalize();
}
template<class Point3Type>
Point3Type NormalizedNormal( Point3Type const &p0, Point3Type const & p1,  Point3Type const & p2)
{
	return (( p1 - p0) ^ (p2 - p0)).Normalize();
}



/// Return the Double of area of the triangle
// NOTE the old Area function has been removed to intentionally 
// cause compiling error that will help people to check their code...
// A some  people used Area assuming that it returns the double and some not. 
// So please check your codes!!!
// And please DO NOT Insert any Area named function here!

template<class TriangleType>
typename TriangleType::ScalarType DoubleArea(const TriangleType &t) 
{
	return Norm( (t.P(1) - t.P(0)) ^ (t.P(2) - t.P(0)) );
}

template<class TriangleType>
Point3<typename TriangleType::ScalarType> Barycenter(const TriangleType &t) 
{
	return ((t.P(0)+t.P(1)+t.P(2))/(typename TriangleType::ScalarType) 3.0);
}

template<class TriangleType>
typename TriangleType::ScalarType Perimeter(const TriangleType &t) 
{
	return Distance(t.P(0),t.P(1))+
		     Distance(t.P(1),t.P(2))+
				 Distance(t.P(2),t.P(0));
}

template<class TriangleType>
Point3<typename TriangleType::ScalarType> Circumcenter(const TriangleType &t)
{
   typename TriangleType::ScalarType a2 = (t.P(1) - t.P(2)).SquaredNorm();
   typename TriangleType::ScalarType b2 = (t.P(2) - t.P(0)).SquaredNorm();
   typename TriangleType::ScalarType c2 = (t.P(0) - t.P(1)).SquaredNorm();      
   Point3<typename TriangleType::ScalarType>c = t.P(0)*a2*(-a2 + b2 + c2) + 
                                                t.P(1)*b2*( a2 - b2 + c2) + 
                                                t.P(2)*c2*( a2 + b2 - c2);
   c /= 2*(a2*b2 + a2*c2 + b2*c2) - a2*a2 - b2*b2 - c2*c2;
   return c;
}

template<class TriangleType>
void TrianglePointDistance(const  TriangleType &t,
							const typename TriangleType::CoordType & q,
							typename TriangleType::ScalarType & dist, 
							typename TriangleType::CoordType & closest )
{
	typedef typename TriangleType::CoordType CoordType;
	typedef typename TriangleType::ScalarType ScalarType;

	CoordType clos[3];
	ScalarType distv[3];
	CoordType clos_proj;
	ScalarType distproj;

	///find distance on the plane
	vcg::Plane3<ScalarType> plane;
	plane.Init(t.P(0),t.P(1),t.P(2));
	clos_proj=plane.Projection(q);

	///control if inside/outside
	CoordType n=(t.P(1)-t.P(0))^(t.P(2)-t.P(0));
	CoordType n0=(t.P(0)-clos_proj)^(t.P(1)-clos_proj);
	CoordType n1=(t.P(1)-clos_proj)^(t.P(2)-clos_proj);
	CoordType n2=(t.P(2)-clos_proj)^(t.P(0)-clos_proj);
	distproj=(clos_proj-q).Norm();
	if (((n*n0)>=0)&&((n*n1)>=0)&&((n*n2)>=0))
	{
		closest=clos_proj;
		dist=distproj;
		return;
	}
	

	//distance from the edges
	vcg::Segment3<ScalarType> e0=vcg::Segment3<ScalarType>(t.P(0),t.P(1));
	vcg::Segment3<ScalarType> e1=vcg::Segment3<ScalarType>(t.P(1),t.P(2));
	vcg::Segment3<ScalarType> e2=vcg::Segment3<ScalarType>(t.P(2),t.P(0));
	clos[0]=ClosestPoint<ScalarType>( e0, q);
	clos[1]=ClosestPoint<ScalarType>( e1, q);
	clos[2]=ClosestPoint<ScalarType>( e2, q);
	
	distv[0]=(clos[0]-q).Norm();
	distv[1]=(clos[1]-q).Norm();
	distv[2]=(clos[2]-q).Norm();
	int min=0;

	///find minimum distance
	for (int i=1;i<3;i++)
	{
		if (distv[i]<distv[min])
			min=i;
	}

	closest=clos[min];
	dist=distv[min];
}


}	 // end namespace


#endif