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* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *
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* (at your option) any later version. *
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* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, *
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of *
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the *
* GNU General Public License (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.txt) *
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#ifndef VCG_TRI_CONVEX_HULL_H
#define VCG_TRI_CONVEX_HULL_H
#include <queue>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <vcg/complex/complex.h>
#include <vcg/complex/algorithms/clean.h>
namespace vcg
{
namespace tri
{
template <class InputMesh, class CHMesh>
class ConvexHull
{
public:
typedef typename InputMesh::ScalarType ScalarType;
typedef typename InputMesh::CoordType CoordType;
typedef typename InputMesh::VertexPointer InputVertexPointer;
typedef typename InputMesh::VertexIterator InputVertexIterator;
typedef typename CHMesh::VertexIterator CHVertexIterator;
typedef typename CHMesh::VertexPointer CHVertexPointer;
typedef typename CHMesh::FaceIterator CHFaceIterator;
typedef typename CHMesh::FacePointer CHFacePointer;
private:
typedef std::pair<InputVertexPointer, ScalarType> Pair;
// Initialize the convex hull with the biggest tetraedron created using the vertices of the input mesh
static void InitConvexHull(InputMesh& mesh, CHMesh& convexHull)
{
typename CHMesh:: template PerVertexAttributeHandle<size_t> indexInputVertex = Allocator<CHMesh>::template GetPerVertexAttribute<size_t>(convexHull, std::string("indexInput"));
InputVertexPointer v[3];
//Find the 6 points with min/max coordinate values
InputVertexIterator vi = mesh.vert.begin();
std::vector<InputVertexPointer> minMax(6, &(*vi));
for (; vi != mesh.vert.end(); vi++)
{
if ((*vi).P().X() < (*minMax[0]).P().X())
minMax[0] = &(*vi);
if ((*vi).P().Y() < (*minMax[1]).P().Y())
minMax[1] = &(*vi);
if ((*vi).P().Z() < (*minMax[2]).P().Z())
minMax[2] = &(*vi);
if ((*vi).P().X() > (*minMax[3]).P().X())
minMax[3] = &(*vi);
if ((*vi).P().Y() > (*minMax[4]).P().Y())
minMax[4] = &(*vi);
if ((*vi).P().Z() > (*minMax[5]).P().Z())
minMax[5] = &(*vi);
}
//Find the farthest two points
ScalarType maxDist = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < 6; j++)
{
float dist = (minMax[i]->P() - minMax[j]->P()).SquaredNorm();
if (dist > maxDist)
{
maxDist = dist;
v[0] = minMax[i];
v[1] = minMax[j];
}
}
}
//Find the third point to create the base of the tetrahedron
vcg::Line3<ScalarType> line(v[0]->P(), (v[0]->P() - v[1]->P()));
maxDist = 0;
for (vi = mesh.vert.begin(); vi != mesh.vert.end(); vi++)
{
ScalarType dist = vcg::Distance(line, (*vi).P());
if (dist > maxDist)
{
maxDist = dist;
v[2] = &(*vi);
}
}
//Create face in the convex hull
CHVertexIterator chVi = vcg::tri::Allocator<CHMesh>::AddVertices(convexHull, 3);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
(*chVi).P().Import(v[i]->P());
v[i]->SetV();
indexInputVertex[chVi] = vcg::tri::Index(mesh, v[i]);
chVi++;
}
CHFaceIterator fi = vcg::tri::Allocator<CHMesh>::AddFace(convexHull, 0, 1, 2);
(*fi).N() = vcg::NormalizedTriangleNormal(*fi);
//Find the fourth point to create the tetrahedron
InputVertexPointer v4;
float distance = 0;
float absDist = -1;
for (vi = mesh.vert.begin(); vi != mesh.vert.end(); vi++)
{
float tempDist = ((*vi).P() - (*fi).P(0)).dot((*fi).N());
if (fabs(tempDist) > absDist)
{
distance = tempDist;
v4 = &(*vi);
absDist = fabs(distance);
}
}
//Flip the previous face if the fourth point is above the face
if (distance > 0)
{
(*fi).N() = -(*fi).N();
CHVertexPointer tempV = (*fi).V(1);
(*fi).V(1) = (*fi).V(2);
(*fi).V(2) = tempV;
}
//Create the other 3 faces of the tetrahedron
chVi = vcg::tri::Allocator<CHMesh>::AddVertices(convexHull, 1);
(*chVi).P().Import(v4->P());
indexInputVertex[chVi] = vcg::tri::Index(mesh, v4);
v4->SetV();
fi = vcg::tri::Allocator<CHMesh>::AddFace(convexHull, &convexHull.vert[3], convexHull.face[0].V0(1), convexHull.face[0].V0(0));
(*fi).N() = vcg::NormalizedTriangleNormal(*fi);
fi = vcg::tri::Allocator<CHMesh>::AddFace(convexHull, &convexHull.vert[3], convexHull.face[0].V1(1), convexHull.face[0].V1(0));
(*fi).N() = vcg::NormalizedTriangleNormal(*fi);
fi = vcg::tri::Allocator<CHMesh>::AddFace(convexHull, &convexHull.vert[3], convexHull.face[0].V2(1), convexHull.face[0].V2(0));
(*fi).N() = vcg::NormalizedTriangleNormal(*fi);
vcg::tri::UpdateTopology<CHMesh>::FaceFace(convexHull);
}
public:
/**
Return the convex hull of the input mesh using the Quickhull algorithm.
For each vertex of the convex hull the algorithm stores the vertex index
of the original mesh in attribute "indexInput".
"The quickhull algorithm for convex hulls" by C. Bradford Barber et al.
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, Volume 22 Issue 4, Dec. 1996
*/
static bool ComputeConvexHull(InputMesh& mesh, CHMesh& convexHull)
{
vcg::tri::RequireFFAdjacency(convexHull);
vcg::tri::RequirePerFaceNormal(convexHull);
vcg::tri::Allocator<InputMesh>::CompactVertexVector(mesh);
typename CHMesh:: template PerVertexAttributeHandle<size_t> indexInputVertex = Allocator<CHMesh>::template GetPerVertexAttribute<size_t>(convexHull, std::string("indexInput"));
if (mesh.vert.size() < 4)
return false;
vcg::tri::UpdateFlags<InputMesh>::VertexClearV(mesh);
InitConvexHull(mesh, convexHull);
//Build list of visible vertices for each convex hull face and find the furthest vertex for each face
std::vector<std::vector<InputVertexPointer>> listVertexPerFace(convexHull.face.size());
std::vector<Pair> furthestVexterPerFace(convexHull.face.size(), std::make_pair((InputVertexPointer)NULL, 0.0f));
for (size_t i = 0; i < mesh.vert.size(); i++)
{
if (!mesh.vert[i].IsV())
{
for (size_t j = 0; j < convexHull.face.size(); j++)
{
ScalarType dist = (mesh.vert[i].P() - convexHull.face[j].P(0)).dot(convexHull.face[j].N());
if (dist > 0)
{
listVertexPerFace[j].push_back(&mesh.vert[i]);
if (dist > furthestVexterPerFace[j].second)
{
furthestVexterPerFace[j].second = dist;
furthestVexterPerFace[j].first = &mesh.vert[i];
}
}
}
}
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < listVertexPerFace.size(); i++)
{
if (listVertexPerFace[i].size() > 0)
{
//Find faces to remove and face on the border where to connect the new fan faces
InputVertexPointer vertex = furthestVexterPerFace[i].first;
std::queue<int> queue;
std::vector<int> visFace;
std::vector<int> borderFace;
visFace.push_back(i);
queue.push(i);
while (queue.size() > 0)
{
CHFacePointer fp = &convexHull.face[queue.front()];
queue.pop();
fp->SetV();
for (int ii = 0; ii < 3; ii++)
{
CHFacePointer nextF = fp->FFp(ii);
if (!nextF->IsV())
{
int indexF = vcg::tri::Index(convexHull, nextF);
ScalarType dist = (vertex->P() - nextF->P(0)).dot(nextF->N());
if (dist < 0)
{
borderFace.push_back(indexF);
fp->SetB(ii);
nextF->SetB(fp->FFi(ii));
}
else
{
visFace.push_back(indexF);
queue.push(indexF);
}
}
}
}
if (borderFace.size() > 0)
{
CHVertexIterator vi = vcg::tri::Allocator<CHMesh>::AddVertices(convexHull, 1);
(*vi).P().Import((*vertex).P());
vertex->SetV();
indexInputVertex[vi] = vcg::tri::Index(mesh, vertex);
}
//Add a new face for each border
std::unordered_map< CHVertexPointer, std::pair<int, char> > fanMap;
for (size_t jj = 0; jj < borderFace.size(); jj++)
{
int indexFace = borderFace[jj];
CHFacePointer f = &convexHull.face[indexFace];
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
if (f->IsB(j))
{
f->ClearB(j);
//Add new face
CHFaceIterator fi = vcg::tri::Allocator<CHMesh>::AddFace(convexHull, &convexHull.vert.back(), f->V1(j), f->V0(j));
(*fi).N() = vcg::NormalizedTriangleNormal(*fi);
f = &convexHull.face[indexFace];
int newFace = vcg::tri::Index(convexHull, *fi);
//Update convex hull FF topology
CHVertexPointer vp[] = { f->V1(j), f->V0(j) };
for (int ii = 0; ii < 2; ii++)
{
int indexE = ii * 2;
typename std::unordered_map< CHVertexPointer, std::pair<int, char> >::iterator vIter = fanMap.find(vp[ii]);
if (vIter != fanMap.end())
{
CHFacePointer f2 = &convexHull.face[(*vIter).second.first];
char edgeIndex = (*vIter).second.second;
f2->FFp(edgeIndex) = &convexHull.face.back();
f2->FFi(edgeIndex) = indexE;
fi->FFp(indexE) = f2;
fi->FFi(indexE) = edgeIndex;
}
else
{
fanMap[vp[ii]] = std::make_pair(newFace, indexE);
}
}
//Build the visibility list for the new face
std::vector<InputVertexPointer> tempVect;
int indices[2] = { indexFace, int(vcg::tri::Index(convexHull, f->FFp(j)) )};
std::vector<InputVertexPointer> vertexToTest(listVertexPerFace[indices[0]].size() + listVertexPerFace[indices[1]].size());
typename std::vector<InputVertexPointer>::iterator tempIt = std::set_union(listVertexPerFace[indices[0]].begin(), listVertexPerFace[indices[0]].end(), listVertexPerFace[indices[1]].begin(), listVertexPerFace[indices[1]].end(), vertexToTest.begin());
vertexToTest.resize(tempIt - vertexToTest.begin());
Pair newInfo = std::make_pair((InputVertexPointer)NULL , 0.0f);
for (size_t ii = 0; ii < vertexToTest.size(); ii++)
{
if (!(*vertexToTest[ii]).IsV())
{
float dist = ((*vertexToTest[ii]).P() - (*fi).P(0)).dot((*fi).N());
if (dist > 0)
{
tempVect.push_back(vertexToTest[ii]);
if (dist > newInfo.second)
{
newInfo.second = dist;
newInfo.first = vertexToTest[ii];
}
}
}
}
listVertexPerFace.push_back(tempVect);
furthestVexterPerFace.push_back(newInfo);
//Update topology of the new face
CHFacePointer ffp = f->FFp(j);
int ffi = f->FFi(j);
ffp->FFp(ffi) = ffp;
ffp->FFi(ffi) = ffi;
f->FFp(j) = &convexHull.face.back();
f->FFi(j) = 1;
fi->FFp(1) = f;
fi->FFi(1) = j;
}
}
}
//Delete the faces inside the updated convex hull
for (size_t j = 0; j < visFace.size(); j++)
{
if (!convexHull.face[visFace[j]].IsD())
{
std::vector<InputVertexPointer> emptyVec;
vcg::tri::Allocator<CHMesh>::DeleteFace(convexHull, convexHull.face[visFace[j]]);
listVertexPerFace[visFace[j]].swap(emptyVec);
}
}
}
}
tri::UpdateTopology<CHMesh>::ClearFaceFace(convexHull);
vcg::tri::Allocator<CHMesh>::CompactFaceVector(convexHull);
vcg::tri::Clean<CHMesh>::RemoveUnreferencedVertex(convexHull);
return true;
}
/**
* @brief ComputePointVisibility
* Select the <b>visible points</b> in a point cloud, as viewed from a given viewpoint.
* It uses the Qhull implementation of che convex hull in the vcglibrary
* The algorithm used (Katz, Tal and Basri 2007) determines visibility without
* reconstructing a surface or estimating normals.
* A point is considered visible if its transformed point lies on the convex hull
* of a trasformed points cloud from the original mesh points.
*
* @param m The point cloud
* @param visible The mesh that will contain the visible hull
* @param viewpoint
* @param logR Bounds the radius of the sphere used to select visible points.
* It is used to adjust the radius of the sphere (calculated as distance between
* the center and the farthest point from it) according to the following equation:
* radius = radius * pow(10,threshold);
* As the radius increases more points are marked as visible.
* Use a big threshold for dense point clouds, a small one for sparse clouds.
*/
static void ComputePointVisibility(InputMesh& m, CHMesh& visible, CoordType viewpoint, ScalarType logR=2)
{
visible.Clear();
tri::RequireCompactness(m);
InputMesh flipM;
printf("Input mesh m %i %i\n",m.vn,m.fn);
tri::Allocator<InputMesh>::AddVertices(flipM,m.vn);
ScalarType maxDist=0;
InputVertexIterator ci=flipM.vert.begin();
for(InputVertexIterator vi=m.vert.begin();vi!=m.vert.end();++vi)
{
ci->P()=vi->P()-viewpoint;
maxDist = std::max(maxDist,Norm(ci->P()));
++ci;
}
ScalarType R = maxDist*pow(10,logR);
printf("Using R = %f logR = %f maxdist=%f \n",R,logR,maxDist);
for(InputVertexIterator vi=flipM.vert.begin();vi!=flipM.vert.end();++vi)
{
ScalarType d = Norm(vi->P());
vi->P() = vi->P() + vi->P()*ScalarType(2.0*(R - d)/d);
}
tri::Allocator<InputMesh>::AddVertex(flipM,CoordType(0,0,0));
assert(m.vn+1 == flipM.vn);
ComputeConvexHull(flipM,visible);
assert(flipM.vert[m.vn].P()==Point3f(0,0,0));
int vpInd=-1; // Index of the viewpoint in the ConvexHull mesh
int selCnt=0;
typename CHMesh:: template PerVertexAttributeHandle<size_t> indexInputVertex = Allocator<InputMesh>::template GetPerVertexAttribute<size_t>(visible, std::string("indexInput"));
for(int i=0;i<visible.vn;++i)
{
size_t ind = indexInputVertex[i];
if(ind==m.vn) vpInd = i;
else
{
visible.vert[i].P() = m.vert[ind].P();
m.vert[ind].SetS();
m.vert[ind].C() = Color4b::LightBlue;
selCnt++;
}
}
printf("Selected %i visible points\n",selCnt);
assert(vpInd != -1);
// Final pass delete all the faces of the convex hull incident in the viewpoint
for(int i=0;i<visible.fn;++i)
{
if( (Index(visible,visible.face[i].V(0)) == vpInd) ||
(Index(visible,visible.face[i].V(1)) == vpInd) ||
(Index(visible,visible.face[i].V(2)) == vpInd) )
tri::Allocator<CHMesh>::DeleteFace(visible,visible.face[i]);
}
tri::Allocator<CHMesh>::CompactEveryVector(visible);
tri::Clean<CHMesh>::FlipMesh(visible);
}
};
} // end namespace tri
} // end namespace vcg
#endif //VCG_TRI_CONVEX_HULL_H