444 lines
11 KiB
C++
444 lines
11 KiB
C++
#ifndef __VCGLIB_LINALGEBRA_H
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#define __VCGLIB_LINALGEBRA_H
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#include <vcg/math/matrix44.h>
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namespace vcg
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{
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/** \addtogroup math */
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/* @{ */
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/*!
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*
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*/
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template< typename TYPE >
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static void JacobiRotate(Matrix44<TYPE> &A, TYPE s, TYPE tau, int i,int j,int k,int l)
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{
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TYPE g=A[i][j];
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TYPE h=A[k][l];
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A[i][j]=g-s*(h+g*tau);
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A[k][l]=h+s*(g-h*tau);
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};
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/*!
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* Computes all eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a real symmetric matrix .
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* On output, elements of the input matrix above the diagonal are destroyed.
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* \param d returns the eigenvalues of a.
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* \param v is a matrix whose columns contain, the normalized eigenvectors
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* \param nrot returns the number of Jacobi rotations that were required.
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*/
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template <typename TYPE>
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static void Jacobi(Matrix44<TYPE> &w, Point4<TYPE> &d, Matrix44<TYPE> &v, int &nrot)
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{
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int j,iq,ip,i;
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//assert(w.IsSymmetric());
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TYPE tresh, theta, tau, t, sm, s, h, g, c;
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Point4<TYPE> b, z;
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v.SetIdentity();
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for (ip=0;ip<4;++ip) //Initialize b and d to the diagonal of a.
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{
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b[ip]=d[ip]=w[ip][ip];
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z[ip]=0.0; //This vector will accumulate terms of the form tapq as in equation (11.1.14).
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}
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nrot=0;
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for (i=0;i<50;i++)
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{
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sm=0.0;
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for (ip=0;ip<3;++ip) // Sum off diagonal elements
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{
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for (iq=ip+1;iq<4;++iq)
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sm += fabs(w[ip][iq]);
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}
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if (sm == 0.0) //The normal return, which relies on quadratic convergence to machine underflow.
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{
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return;
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}
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if (i < 4)
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tresh=0.2*sm/(4*4); //...on the first three sweeps.
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else
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tresh=0.0; //...thereafter.
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for (ip=0;ip<4-1;++ip)
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{
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for (iq=ip+1;iq<4;iq++)
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{
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g=100.0*fabs(w[ip][iq]);
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//After four sweeps, skip the rotation if the off-diagonal element is small.
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if(i>4 && (float)(fabs(d[ip])+g) == (float)fabs(d[ip]) && (float)(fabs(d[iq])+g) == (float)fabs(d[iq]))
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w[ip][iq]=0.0;
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else if (fabs(w[ip][iq]) > tresh)
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{
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h=d[iq]-d[ip];
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if ((float)(fabs(h)+g) == (float)fabs(h))
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t=(w[ip][iq])/h; //t =1/(2#)
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else
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{
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theta=0.5*h/(w[ip][iq]); //Equation (11.1.10).
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t=1.0/(fabs(theta)+sqrt(1.0+theta*theta));
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if (theta < 0.0) t = -t;
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}
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c=1.0/sqrt(1+t*t);
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s=t*c;
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tau=s/(1.0+c);
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h=t*w[ip][iq];
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z[ip] -= h;
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z[iq] += h;
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d[ip] -= h;
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d[iq] += h;
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w[ip][iq]=0.0;
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for (j=0;j<=ip-1;j++) { //Case of rotations 1 <= j < p.
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JacobiRotate<TYPE>(w,s,tau,j,ip,j,iq) ;
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}
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for (j=ip+1;j<=iq-1;j++) { //Case of rotations p < j < q.
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JacobiRotate<TYPE>(w,s,tau,ip,j,j,iq);
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}
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for (j=iq+1;j<4;j++) { //Case of rotations q< j <= n.
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JacobiRotate<TYPE>(w,s,tau,ip,j,iq,j);
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}
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for (j=0;j<4;j++) {
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JacobiRotate<TYPE>(v,s,tau,j,ip,j,iq);
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}
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++nrot;
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}
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}
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}
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for (ip=0;ip<4;ip++)
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{
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b[ip] += z[ip];
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d[ip]=b[ip]; //Update d with the sum of ta_pq ,
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z[ip]=0.0; //and reinitialize z.
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}
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}
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};
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// Computes (a^2 + b^2)^(1/2) without destructive underflow or overflow.
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template <typename TYPE>
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inline static TYPE pythagora(TYPE a, TYPE b)
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{
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TYPE abs_a = fabs(a);
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TYPE abs_b = fabs(b);
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if (abs_a > abs_b)
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return abs_a*sqrt(1.0+sqr(abs_b/abs_a));
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else
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return (abs_b == 0.0 ? 0.0 : abs_b*sqrt(1.0+sqr(abs_a/abs_b)));
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};
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template <typename TYPE>
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inline static TYPE sign(TYPE a, TYPE b)
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{
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return (b >= 0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a));
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};
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template <typename TYPE>
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inline static TYPE sqr(TYPE a)
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{
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TYPE sqr_arg = a;
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return (sqr_arg == 0 ? 0 : sqr_arg*sqr_arg);
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}
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/*!
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* Given a matrix <I>A<SUB>m<>n</SUB></I>, this routine computes its singular value decomposition,
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* i.e. <I>A=U<>W<EFBFBD>V<SUP>T</SUP></I>. The matrix <I>A</I> will be destroyed!
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* (This is the implementation described in <I>Numerical Recipies</I>).
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* \param A the matrix to be decomposed
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* \param W the diagonal matrix of singular values <I>W</I>, stored as a vector <I>W[1...N]</I>
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* \param V the matrix <I>V</I> (not the transpose <I>V<SUP>T</SUP></I>)
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* \param max_iters max iteration number (default = 30).
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* \return
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*/
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template <typename MATRIX_TYPE>
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static bool SingularValueDecomposition(MATRIX_TYPE &A, typename MATRIX_TYPE::ScalarType *W, MATRIX_TYPE &V, const int max_iters = 30)
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{
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typedef typename MATRIX_TYPE::ScalarType ScalarType;
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int m = (int) A.RowsNumber();
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int n = (int) A.ColumnsNumber();
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int flag,i,its,j,jj,k,l,nm;
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double anorm, c, f, g, h, s, scale, x, y, z, *rv1;
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bool convergence = true;
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rv1 = new double[n];
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g = scale = anorm = 0;
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// Householder reduction to bidiagonal form.
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for (i=0; i<n; i++)
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{
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l = i+1;
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rv1[i] = scale*g;
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g = s = scale = 0.0;
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if (i < m)
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{
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for (k = i; k<m; k++)
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scale += fabs(A[k][i]);
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if (scale)
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{
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for (k=i; k<m; k++)
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{
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A[k][i] /= scale;
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s += A[k][i]*A[k][i];
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}
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f=A[i][i];
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g = -sign<double>( sqrt(s), f );
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h = f*g - s;
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A[i][i]=f-g;
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for (j=l; j<n; j++)
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{
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for (s=0.0, k=i; k<m; k++)
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s += A[k][i]*A[k][j];
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f = s/h;
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for (k=i; k<m; k++)
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A[k][j] += f*A[k][i];
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}
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for (k=i; k<m; k++)
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A[k][i] *= scale;
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}
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}
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W[i] = scale *g;
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g = s = scale = 0.0;
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if (i < m && i != (n-1))
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{
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for (k=l; k<n; k++)
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scale += fabs(A[i][k]);
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if (scale)
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{
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for (k=l; k<n; k++)
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{
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A[i][k] /= scale;
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s += A[i][k]*A[i][k];
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}
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f = A[i][l];
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g = -sign<double>(sqrt(s),f);
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h = f*g - s;
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A[i][l] = f-g;
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for (k=l; k<n; k++)
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rv1[k] = A[i][k]/h;
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for (j=l; j<m; j++)
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{
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for (s=0.0, k=l; k<n; k++)
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s += A[j][k]*A[i][k];
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for (k=l; k<n; k++)
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A[j][k] += s*rv1[k];
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}
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for (k=l; k<n; k++)
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A[i][k] *= scale;
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}
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}
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anorm=math::Max( anorm, (fabs(W[i])+fabs(rv1[i])) );
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}
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// Accumulation of right-hand transformations.
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for (i=(n-1); i>=0; i--)
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{
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//Accumulation of right-hand transformations.
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if (i < (n-1))
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{
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if (g)
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{
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for (j=l; j<n;j++) //Double division to avoid possible underflow.
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V[j][i]=(A[i][j]/A[i][l])/g;
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for (j=l; j<n; j++)
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{
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for (s=0.0, k=l; k<n; k++)
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s += A[i][k] * V[k][j];
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for (k=l; k<n; k++)
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V[k][j] += s*V[k][i];
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}
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}
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for (j=l; j<n; j++)
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V[i][j] = V[j][i] = 0.0;
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}
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V[i][i] = 1.0;
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g = rv1[i];
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l = i;
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}
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// Accumulation of left-hand transformations.
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for (i=math::Min(m,n)-1; i>=0; i--)
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{
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l = i+1;
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g = W[i];
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for (j=l; j<n; j++)
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A[i][j]=0.0;
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if (g)
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{
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g = 1.0/g;
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for (j=l; j<n; j++)
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{
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for (s=0.0, k=l; k<m; k++)
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s += A[k][i]*A[k][j];
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f = (s/A[i][i])*g;
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for (k=i; k<m; k++)
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A[k][j] += f*A[k][i];
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}
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for (j=i; j<m; j++)
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A[j][i] *= g;
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}
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else
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for (j=i; j<m; j++)
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A[j][i] = 0.0;
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++A[i][i];
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}
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// Diagonalization of the bidiagonal form: Loop over
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// singular values, and over allowed iterations.
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for (k=(n-1); k>=0; k--)
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{
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for (its=1; its<=max_iters; its++)
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{
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flag=1;
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for (l=k; l>=0; l--)
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{
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// Test for splitting.
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nm=l-1;
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// Note that rv1[1] is always zero.
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if ((double)(fabs(rv1[l])+anorm) == anorm)
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{
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flag=0;
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break;
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}
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if ((double)(fabs(W[nm])+anorm) == anorm)
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break;
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}
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if (flag)
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{
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c=0.0; //Cancellation of rv1[l], if l > 1.
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s=1.0;
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for (i=l ;i<=k; i++)
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{
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f = s*rv1[i];
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rv1[i] = c*rv1[i];
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if ((double)(fabs(f)+anorm) == anorm)
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break;
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g = W[i];
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h = pythagora<double>(f,g);
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W[i] = h;
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h = 1.0/h;
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c = g*h;
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s = -f*h;
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for (j=0; j<m; j++)
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{
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y = A[j][nm];
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z = A[j][i];
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A[j][nm] = y*c + z*s;
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A[j][i] = z*c - y*s;
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}
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}
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}
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z = W[k];
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if (l == k) //Convergence.
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{
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if (z < 0.0) { // Singular value is made nonnegative.
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W[k] = -z;
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for (j=0; j<n; j++)
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V[j][k] = -V[j][k];
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}
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break;
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}
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if (its == max_iters)
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{
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printf("no convergence in %d SingularValueDecomposition iterations\n", max_iters);
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convergence = false;
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}
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x = W[l]; // Shift from bottom 2-by-2 minor.
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nm = k-1;
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y = W[nm];
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g = rv1[nm];
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h = rv1[k];
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f = ((y-z)*(y+z) + (g-h)*(g+h))/(2.0*h*y);
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g = pythagora<double>(f,1.0);
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f=((x-z)*(x+z) + h*((y/(f+sign(g,f)))-h))/x;
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c=s=1.0;
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//Next QR transformation:
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for (j=l; j<= nm;j++)
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{
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i = j+1;
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g = rv1[i];
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y = W[i];
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h = s*g;
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g = c*g;
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z = pythagora<double>(f,h);
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rv1[j] = z;
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c = f/z;
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s = h/z;
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f = x*c + g*s;
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g = g*c - x*s;
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h = y*s;
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y *= c;
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for (jj=0; jj<n; jj++)
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{
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x = V[jj][j];
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z = V[jj][i];
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V[jj][j] = x*c + z*s;
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V[jj][i] = z*c - x*s;
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}
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z = pythagora<double>(f,h);
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W[j] = z;
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// Rotation can be arbitrary if z = 0.
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if (z)
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{
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z = 1.0/z;
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c = f*z;
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s = h*z;
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}
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f = c*g + s*y;
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x = c*y - s*g;
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for (jj=0; jj<m; jj++)
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{
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y = A[jj][j];
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z = A[jj][i];
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A[jj][j] = y*c + z*s;
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A[jj][i] = z*c - y*s;
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}
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}
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rv1[l] = 0.0;
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rv1[k] = f;
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W[k] = x;
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}
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}
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delete []rv1;
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return convergence;
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};
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/*!
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* Solves A<>X = B for a vector X, where A is specified by the matrices <I>U<SUB>m<>n</SUB></I>,
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* <I>W<SUB>n<>1</SUB></I> and <I>V<SUB>n<>n</SUB></I> as returned by <CODE>SingularValueDecomposition</CODE>.
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* No input quantities are destroyed, so the routine may be called sequentially with different b<>s.
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* \param x is the output solution vector (<I>x<SUB>n<>1</SUB></I>)
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* \param b is the input right-hand side (<I>b<SUB>n<>1</SUB></I>)
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*/
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template <typename MATRIX_TYPE>
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static void SingularValueBacksubstitution(const MATRIX_TYPE &U,
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const typename MATRIX_TYPE::ScalarType *W,
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const MATRIX_TYPE &V,
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typename MATRIX_TYPE::ScalarType *x,
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const typename MATRIX_TYPE::ScalarType *b)
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{
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typedef typename MATRIX_TYPE::ScalarType ScalarType;
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unsigned int jj, j, i;
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ScalarType s;
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ScalarType *tmp = new ScalarType[U.ColumnsNumber()];
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for (j=0; j<U.ColumnsNumber(); j++) //Calculate U^T * B.
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{
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s = 0;
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if (W[j]!=0) //Nonzero result only if wj is nonzero.
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{
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for (i=0; i<U.RowsNumber(); i++)
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s += U[i][j]*b[i];
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s /= W[j]; //This is the divide by wj .
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}
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tmp[j]=s;
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}
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for (j=0;j<U.ColumnsNumber();j++) //Matrix multiply by V to get answer.
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{
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s = 0;
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for (jj=0; jj<U.ColumnsNumber(); jj++)
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s += V[j][jj]*tmp[jj];
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x[j]=s;
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}
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delete []tmp;
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};
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/*! @} */
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}; // end of namespace
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#endif
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